A growing body of evidence demonstrates that cold exposure may serve as a hormetic stressor that switches on a host of protective mechanisms that reduce inflammation, activate antioxidant enzymes, improve athletic performance and promote recovery, and boost the immune system to protect against age-related diseases.

The use of cold exposure to promote good health is an ancient practice, dating back many centuries. In modern times, cold exposure is used primarily to reduce muscle soreness and promote muscle recovery after physical activity. However, regular cold exposure may also improve glucose and lipid metabolism, decrease inflammation, enhance immune function, and improve cognitive performance. The beneficial effects of cold exposure may be due to hormesis, a favorable biological response to a mild stressor. Hormesis triggers protective mechanisms that provide protection from future, more harmful stressors.