fbref.com has a column in its records that counts the penalties won by a player (by being fouled) since 2016/17 for the Top-5-Leagues, the Champions League and the Europa League. Actually, for some reason the stats are there for LaLiga since 15/16 so I included that too. Additionally in the stats included are:

the Portuguese League since 2017/18,

UEFA Conference League since its inception,

World Cup 2018 and 2022,

Euros 2020,

Copa América 2015, 2016, 2019, 2021

FIFA Confederations Cup 2017,

AFCON 2015, 2017,

Asian Cup 2019,

CONCACAF Gold Cup 2015, 2017.

Yes, unfortunately in some of these continental tournaments the stats for penalties won weren’t recorded in the latest editions. I can’t do anything about that but I included the years where the data is available.

Here is the Top-List:

Penalties won Player
24 Kylian Mbappé Lottin, Raheem Sterling
22 Neymar, Mehdi Taremi
19 Ciro Immobile
17 Mohamed Salah
16 Jamie Vardy, Robert Lewandowski
15 Luis Suárez, Cristiano Ronaldo, Edin Dzeko, Wilfried Zaha
14 Federico Chiesa, Alexandre Lacazette, Marcus Thuram, Ismaila Sarr
13 Nabil Fekir, Mauro Icardi, Timo Werner, Dries Mertens, Christopher Nkunku, Victor Osimhen
12 Breel Donald Embolo, Andrea Belotti, Josip Ilicic, Marcus Rashford
11 Moussa Dembélé, Paulinho (Portugal), Edinson Cavani, Santi Mina

If you think it’s unfair that 15/16 LaLiga is included then just substract 2 penalties from Cristiano Ronaldo and Luis Suárez and 8 pens from Neymar (lol)

I also researched for all 139 players (that I found) with 6 or more penalties won how many minutes they played in the competitions mentioned above and calculated the players with the highest penalties won per minutes played ratio. The left column is Minutes played divided through Penalties won:

Won a Penalty every x Minutes on Average Player
507 Corentin Jean
536 Enner Valencia
542 Mehdi Taremi
706 Carlos Júnior
779 Victor Osimhen
836 Khouma Babacar
838 Toni Martínez
853 Ismaïla Sarr
898 Gianluca Lapadula
918 Kylian Mbappé Lottin
924 Raheem Sterling
930 Jhon Murillo
934 Ignatius Ganago
945 Marcus Thuram
947 Neymar
950 Moussa Dembélé
959 Nicola Sansone
977 Josip Ilicic
979 Ivan Toney
992 Breel Donald Embolo
1008 Anthony Lozano
1018 Mauro Icardi
1028 Christopher Nkunku
1049 Serhou Guirassy
1051 Randal Kolo Muani

There’s also the stat for Penalties conceded, admittedly it would be hella interesting to get the same stats like here for penalties conceded but for now I am too tired to get started on that, this right here already took very long.