Vietnam under Chinese rule or Bắc thuộc (北屬, lit. “belonging to the north”) (111 BC–939, 1407–1428) refers to four historical periods when several portions of modern-day Northern Vietnam was under the rule of various Chinese dynasties. Bắc thuộc in Vietnamese historiography is traditionally considered to have started in 111 BC, when the Han dynasty conquered Nanyue (Vietnamese “Nam Việt”) and lasted until 939, when the Ngô dynasty was founded. A fourth, relatively brief, 20-year rule by the Ming dynasty during the 15th century is usually excluded by historians in their discussion of the main, almost continuous, period of Chinese rule from 111 BC to 939 AD.
The four periods of Chinese rule did not correspond to the modern borders of Vietnam, but were mainly limited to the area around the Red River Delta and adjacent areas. During the first three periods of Chinese rule, the pre-Sinitic indigenous culture was centered in the northern part of modern Vietnam, in the alluvial deltas of the Hong, Cả and Mã Rivers.
Elements of Chinese culture such as language, religion, art, and way of life constituted an important component of traditional Vietnamese culture until modernity.
Periods of Chinese rule
First Era of Northern Domination: 111 BC–AD 40
The first period of Bắc thuộc is traditionally considered to have started following the Western Han’s victory in the Han–Nanyue War. It ended with the brief revolt of the Trưng sisters.
Second Era of Northern Domination: AD 43–544
Chinese rule was restored after the Trung sisters’ rebellion. The second period of Chinese rule was ended by the revolt of Lý Bôn, who took advantage of the internal disorder of the waning Liang dynasty. Lý Bôn subsequently founded the Early Lý dynasty, with the official dynastic name “Vạn Xuân” (萬春).
Third Era of Northern Domination: AD 602–905
The Sui dynasty reincorporated Vietnam into China following the Sui–Early Lý War. This period saw the entrenchment of mandarin administration in Vietnam. The third period of Chinese rule concluded following the collapse of the Tang dynasty and the subsequent defeat of the Southern Han armada by Ngô Quyền at the Battle of Bạch Đằng. Ngô Quyền later proclaimed the Ngô dynasty.
Fourth Era of Northern Domination: AD 1407–1428
Vietnam was brought under the control of China following the Ming dynasty’s defeat of the short-lived Hồ dynasty. The fourth period of Chinese rule ended when the Lam Sơn uprising led by Lê Lợi emerged successful. Lê Lợi then reestablished the Đại Việt kingdom (大越) under the new Lê dynasty.
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if fusion food didn’t already exist I’d get so famous inventing it, i’m out here doing like a barbecue burrito with coleslaw, elote relish and spicy black beans and I bet if I did that 50 years ago it’d be named after me
You’d be burned as a witch, without a doubt.
or CELEBRATED, as a WIZARD
Male privilege
Yeah, and??? at least my abominable food will be celebrated, thanks testicles
This is fucked up, when it’s the 1950s and a woman with testicles invents the first known combination of cheese curds and guava sandwiches suddenly my abominable food is no longer recognized. Thanks woke.
I have found that professionally, celebrity chefs and internet bullshit have really blasted fusion cooking. It’s some real retvrn bullshit or people will think you’re aiming for a Guy Fiere pleaser, which is obviously low tier cooking (and it is). But I guess in plainer English the epic meal times of the late 2000s early 2010s and the rise of people absolutely worshipping Anthony Bourdain for whatever reason and hipster authenticity marketing all food is regarded as slightly lesser if it isntnsome regionally ‘traditional’ crap. Most of what people consider ethnically traditional fucking aren’t, the owner of my work got mad we did a chili as a soup special.cause 'we’re an Italian restaurant. We have a Hawaiian pizza with pineapple and bacon, all of our pastas are Italian American and usually invented less than 100 years ago and also the real trad stuff is often also crap. Cooking is an art and it has become very reactionary in thar regard over the last ten years under a guise of white cooks pretending to have some deep global understanding of food instead of just taking the food they’ve tried from other places and genuinely incorporating it. Fucking curry on a baked potato is an act of absolute culinary brilliance. Fettuccine Alfredo isn’t.